• SEO writing is about ensuring content is visible and discoverable in the digital space
• Identifying keywords to incorporate into your website copy is a critical first step in optimizing your content
• It’s useless to insert keywords willy-nilly into your content (search engines have gotten hip to that game); resist the temptation and use keywords as naturally as possible
• The more human and conversational you are in website content, the more search engines will pay attention to what you have to say, and the keywords you use to say it
• Contrary to other forms of copywriting, SEO copywriting should be less flashy and entertaining and more informative/educational/utilitarian
• “A good writer can learn SEO skills, but someone with SEO skills can’t necessarily learn to be a good SEO writer.”

Want to learn more? Looks like they’re offering another course starting January 12th. I’d highly recommend it to anyone who has minimal SEO experience (almost half of the course is an exploration of SEO fundamentals).

In the market for an editor? If you’ve done any kind of shopping around you’ve probably seen estimates for different kinds of editorial services, which can be confusing if you’re not familiar with the terms. Here’s a quick run-down of different kinds of editing.

Proofreading
Proofreading is the most basic kind of editing and is typically done just prior to publication (on- or offline). When an editor is proofreading they’re just looking for blatant errors—a random period here, a lower-case proper noun there—really obvious mistakes that a user would probably notice at a glance.

Copyediting (light and heavy)
Copyediting is more involved than proofreading. To copyedit is to dig into the language and logic of a text and work some degree of editorial magic to make it as flawless as possible. The mistakes an editor catches at this level can be obvious, but many of them are subtle and require an understanding of English’s nuances to catch. They can also be matters of style—the AP Stylebook has a different rule for state abbreviations than the Chicago Manual of Style, for instance, so a copyeditor would be on the lookout for places where a text deviates from a given style and make it conform.

It’s all a matter of degree, though. In a “light” copyedit, an editor will proceed gently, looking mostly for surface issues and not interfering too much with tone or voice. In a “heavy” copyedit they’ll dive right in and move sentences or entire paragraphs to improve readability. They’ll also eliminate wordiness, improve the overall flow, check facts, and flag any ambiguous or misleading statements. For clients that are struggling to communicate their brand or really engage customers, we would recommend a heavy copyedit. For clients who just want to strengthen their text and make sure it’s correct, we’d recommend a light copyedit.

Content development (or “content editing” or “substantive editing”)
This is basically a super-heavy copyedit. At this level of editing, an editor is working with very rough, incomplete, or disorganized text and doing a complete overhaul, often rewriting much of the text and changing or elevating the tone in the process. Content development is mostly associated with traditional publishing, however (if a book is in rough shape, it needs content development, but if a website is rough, it needs to be rewritten). When we do work above-and-beyond a heavy edit, we consider it “copywriting” because we’re essentially rewriting the text.

Just a little tidbit: the terms “proofreading” and “copyediting” aren’t as arbitrary as they seem. “Proofreading” comes from the practice of doing a final check for errors on “page proofs,” i.e., images of book pages before they go to print. “Copyediting” comes from the term “copy.” Newspapers in particular call their text “copy,” which seems counterintuitive as en editor because you’re editing original text, not copied text, but in the print world it’s text that’s meant to be reproduced in print so they call it “copy.” The very idea of “copy” doesn’t really apply in web editing, but the word “copyediting” will likely stick around.

Posted by Jessica Swope, web editor for Business Bullpen. You can follow Jessica on Tumblr.

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“Copy (or text, or words) used in design is a very particular type of creative writing that requires the inspiration of an artist and the control of a craftsman or craftswoman.”
—Mark Shaw, Copywriting: Successful writing for design, advertising and marketing

We don’t really think of business writing as creative writing, in part because the aims of business writing—to sell a service or a product—seem so different than those of creative writing—to express one’s self, to move an audience, to make some kind of social commentary, and so on. But they do have similar challenges for writers, the most important of which is creating just the right tone.

What is tone?
Tone is huge in any kind of writing. Finding a tone is like finding something to wear to an event; your choice to wear jeans, a cocktail dress, or a suit depends on where you’re going. You wouldn’t wear a cocktail dress to a football game, and you wouldn’t wear jeans to a job interview. Hopefully.

The same goes for tone in writing. More than being about a command of language, writing copy for websites (or any kind of business marketing) is about having a command of tone.

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When writing papers in high school and college, my objective was always this: how can I say what I want to say in as many words as humanly possible? I considered a flowery, digressive, somewhat vague and elusive sentence to be the very height of literary achievement and could never understand why my professors didn’t seem to feel the same. “Too wordy” showed up in the margins of many a paper. And with good reason.

These days I’m all about economy: how can I say what I want or need to say in a way that’s succinct, to the point, and pithy? It’s a different way of approaching a sentence—seeing it as Miata for your thoughts instead of a steam train. As a general rule, whether it’s technical writing, creative writing, or business writing, it’s probably always good to be on the lookout for wordiness and be ready (and willing) to trim it when you spot it. Don’t know what to look for? This list, taken from The Yahoo! Style Guide might be a good place to start:

a few of the —> a few
a large number of —> many, most
a large part of —> many,most
a large proportion of —> many, most
a lot of —> many
a number of—> some, many
according to our data—> we find
accordingly —> therefore, so
after the conclusion —> after
ahead of schedule —> early
all of the —> all, all the
almost all —> most
along the lines of —> like, similar to
along with —> with
any of the —> any
arrive at a conclusion —> conclude
as a consequence of —> because (of)
as a result of —> because (of)
as long as —> if
at a time when —> when
at the moment —> now

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Tired of looking up the same words in the AP Stylebook and the Yahoo! Style Guide, I recently put together a mini dictionary of technical terms. This not only has saved me some time, it’s helped me to establish a house style for Business Bullpen (although more commonly found in publishing houses, I highly recommend one of these bad boys to any company or organization that takes their written communications seriously).

I also learned a few things in the process, like, okay, did you know it’s not “upper-left-hand navigation” or “right-hand column”? It’s just “upper-left navigation” or “right column”—no hands! (I’m definitely guilty of this one.)

• add-on (n., adj.), add on (v.)
• backup (n., adj.), back up (v.)
• CD-R
• cell phone
• clickthrough (adj.), click through (v.)
• crowdsource (adj.), crowdsourcing (v.)
• data (takes singular verb)
• decision making (n.), decision-making (adj.)
• do’s and don’ts
• email (not e-mail)
• file name (not filename)
• Google (not okay to use as a verb)
• high speed (n.), high-speed (adj.)
• homepage
• how-to (adj., n.), how-tos
• IM (n., adj., v.), IMs, IM’ed, IM’ing
• instant message (n.), instant-message (adj., v.)
• intranet (lowercase)
• ISP, ISPs
• Internet
• keyword, key word (n.)

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Since I decided to become an editor several years ago and started taking seriously the rules of grammar that I’d always taken for granted, I’ve made it a point not to be that person. You know that person: the one that thinks other people actually, secretly, somewhere deep down in their hearts want to be corrected on their use of “I” versus “me”—the one that interjects things like “it’s not ‘myriad of’; it’s just ‘myriad.’ The ‘of’ is redundant” into conversation. No one wants to hang out with that person—least of all me.

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As an editor I’ve found myself fretting—like, literally losing sleep—over the subtle nuances of the English language that I used to never even think twice about. The serial comma, for example: apples, bananas and kiwi OR apples, bananas, and kiwi? (Clearly the latter. AP Stylebook, you’ve got some serious ‘splaining to do!) Another source of anxiety: the capitalization of job titles and academic degrees. Who knew it was wrong to do so? The Chicago Manual of Style, for one, the AP Stylebook for two, not to mention all the English teachers and editors out there who know better (or should know better) but have been looking the other way out of—I would venture—a sheer sense of futility. You see it everywhere, even in seemingly legitimate sources: “I got my BS in Economics,” “Dr. So-and-so received his PhD in Psychology,” “My experience as Sales and Marketing Manager at Company X.” etc.; it’s so pervasive that to opt for proper usage would seem to cheapen yourself and your accomplishment (or those of others). It’s one of those, If everyone else is doing it then why can’t I? kinda deals. Believe me, I get it: I for one would much prefer to be a very-important-sounding Editor than a run-of-the-mill, lowly editor. Unfortunately, I’m just an editor. And you’re just the lowercase version of whatever it is you do. (Sorry, but it’s true.)

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